Logical Reasoning |
What is Logical Reasoning and How to define Logical Reasoning and How to prepare logical reasoning for NMDCAT and further entry tests. Logical Reasoning is a creativity your mind and Logical Reasoning to grown up your Mental ability and grown up your IQ Level.
LOGIC AL REASONING
INTRODUCTION
Logical
Reasoning questions evaluate the ability to analysis, evaluate and complete
arguments as they occur in ordinary language. The questions are based on short
arguments drawn from a wide variety of sources.
Each
Logical Reasoning question requires you to read comprehend a short passage, then
answer one question about it. The questions are designed to assess a wide range
of skills involved in thinking critically, with an emphasis on skills that are
central to reasoning. Types of reasoning questions that may come in the MDCAT:
- Critical Thinking
- Letter and symbol series
- Logical Deduction
- Logical Problem
- Course of action
- Cause and Effect
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is a process of evaluation
which uses logic to separate truth from falsehood, reasonable from unreasonable
beliefs.
Sample question:
Read the following passage. Then, decide
whether the three statements below are ‘’True’’, ‘’Probably True’’, ‘’Insufficient
Data to Say True or False’’, ‘’Probably False’’, or ‘’False’’ – Based purely on
the information in the text.
Ahmed’s company has been successful for the
past 5 years. Reported profits have been rising each year, with 2018 being the
strongest year yet. To celebrate, Ahmed treated his staff to a meal at a 5-star
restaurant in the city.
- Ahmed is rich.
- Ahmed’s staff are happy.
- Ahmed’s company performed well in 2017.
Letters and symbol series
Letter and
Symbol Series are a sequential order of letters, numbers or both arranged such
a way that each term in the series in obtained according to some specific
rules. These rules can be based on mathematical operations, place of letters in
alphabetical order etc.
Sample question:
Look carefully at the
sequence of symbols to find the pattern. Select correct pattern.
Logical Deductions
Logical
Reasoning is a type of thinking in which statements and relations between statements
are used in a precise manner to make conclusions that are meant (or implied )
by the statements and the relations. Logical deductions is a type of reasoning;
it assesses a candidate’s ability to use structured thinking to deduce from a
short passage which of a number of statements is the most accurate response to
a posed question.
Sample question:
There is a
family of six persons G, J, B, E, T, and Z. Their professions are teacher,
writer, actor, singer, dancer and lawyer but not respectively in the same
order. G is a teacher. Z is a dancer. B is neither writer nor actor. E is
neither singer nor lawyer. T is an actor. J is a lawyer. From the information
given above, try to answer the following question.
Q:1 – Who among
them has a profession of lawyer?
A – J
B – B
C – E
D – T
Logical problems
Logic
problems are puzzles which require
people to use deductive reasoning skills, meaning they need to look at
different pieces of information in order at arrive an answer.
Sample question:
A lullaby
is a son. No song is prose. Some are epics.
Conclusions:
- Some proses are songs.
- Some epics are lullabies.
- Some songs are lullabies.
Which of the
following is most appropriate in the above case?
- Only II
- Only III
- I, II and III are inappropriate
Course of action
A course of
action is a step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement,
follow-up or further action in regard to the problem, policy, etc. On the basis
of the information given in the statement to be true, test-takers should decide
which of the suggested courses of action logically follow (s) for pursuing.
Sample question:
Statement:
Power supply on state X is terribly poor.
- WAPDA should urgently take action against power theft.
- The government should generate more power.
- A - if only I is most appropriate
- B - if only II is most appropriate
- C - if either I or II is most appropriate
- D - if neither I nor II is most appropriate
- E - if both I and II are most appropriate
Cause and Effect
Cause and
effect is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else
happen. When examining events, people naturally seek to explain why things
happened. This search often results in cause-and-effect reasoning, which asserts
or denies that one thing causes another, or that one thing is caused by
another.
Sample question:
Statements:
- The standard of living of people of the average income group has been rising since the last two years.
- Pakistani economy has been showing s significant growth.
- A - Statement is the cause and statement II is its effect.
- B - Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
- C - Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
- D - Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
- E - Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
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